Cover of “Human Anatomy : textbook : in 2 vol. Vol. I”

Human Anatomy : textbook : in 2 vol. Vol. I

учебник

M. R. Sapin, D. B. Nikityuk, V. N. Nikolenko, S. V. Klochkova ; edited by M. R. Sapin, D. B. Nikityuk

  • ГЭОТАР-Медиа
  • 2026
  • 504 pages

Medical subjects

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This two-volume textbook provides a systematic exploration of the structure and topography of human body organs, systems, and apparatuses.

The first volume presents a concise historical overview of anatomical science development and provides detailed examination of cellular and tissue structures, the musculoskeletal system (including syndesmology), and the muscular system. The content presents a multilevel approach — from macroscopic to microscopic structures — while emphasizing topographic relationships and functional aspects.

The material incorporates developmental perspectives, including organogenesis, age-related changes, normal variations, and anatomical anomalies, all described using standardized International Anatomical Terminology (Terminologia Anatomica; TA2).

The textbook features educational tools such as review questions, detailed color illustrations, and comparative tables to enhance learning.

This textbook is primarily intended for medical students while remaining equally applicable to biological sciences, pedagogical studies, and physical education programs in higher education institutions.

  1. 01Introduction
  2. 02Brief History of Development of Anatomy
    1. Development of Domestic Anatomy
    2. Research Methods in Anatomy
      1. General Purpose Terms
  3. 03Cells and Tissues
    1. Cells
      1. Cell Nucleus
        1. Cell Division. The Cell Cycle
    2. Tissues
      1. Epithelial Tissue
        1. Unilayered Epithelium
        2. Multilayered Epithelia
        3. Glandular Epithelium
      2. Connective Tissue
        1. Connective Tissue Proper
        2. Blood
        3. Cartilaginous Tissue
        4. Bone Tissue
      3. Muscle Tissue
      4. Nervous Tissue
        1. Classification of Neurons
    3. Main Stages of Human Development in Ontogenesis
      1. Human Development in Postnatal Ontogenesis
  4. 04Locomotor System
    1. Osteology (Study of Bones)
    2. Skeleton of the Torso
      1. Vertebrae
      2. Ribs and Sternum
    3. Cranium
      1. Bones of Neurocranium
      2. Bones of Facial Section of Cranium
      3. Cranium as a Whole
        1. Paranasal Sinuses
      4. The Cranium of Newborn
      5. Development of Human Cranium
    4. Skeleton of Limbs
      1. Bones of Upper Limb
        1. Bones of the Pectoral Girdle
        2. Bones of the Free Upper Limb
      2. Bones of Lower Limb
        1. Bones of the Pelvic Girdle
        2. Bones of the Free Lower Limb
      3. Variants and Anomalies of Limb Bones
  5. 05Bone Connections (Syndesmology)
    1. Classification of Joints
    2. Joints of the Cranium
      1. Cranial Sutures
      2. Cranial Synchondroses
      3. Connections of Trunk Bones
        1. Vertebral Connections
      4. Connections of Vertebral Column With Cranium
      5. Vertebral Сolumn
      6. Connections of Ribs with Vertebral Column and Sternum
      7. Thoracic Skeleton
      8. Joints of Upper Limb
      9. Joints of Free Upper Limb
      10. Joints of Lower Limb
      11. Pelvis as a Whole
      12. Joints of Free Lower Limb
      13. Joints of Leg and Foot
    3. Development and Age-Related Characteristics of Joints
  6. 06Muscular System
    1. Muscle Structure
    2. Classification of Muscles
    3. Muscle Auxiliary Structures
    4. Muscle Work
    5. Muscles and Fasciae of Back
      1. Fasciae of Back
      2. Regions and Tissue Planes of Back
    6. Muscles and Fasciae of Thorax
      1. Fasciae of Thorax
      2. Regions and Tissue Planes of Thorax
    7. Muscles and Fasciae of Abdomen
      1. Abdominal Fasciae
      2. Regions and Tissue Spaces of Abdomen
      3. Variations and Anomalies of Muscles of Trunk
    8. Muscles and Fasciae of Neck
      1. Superficial Muscles of Neck
      2. Suprahyoid Muscles of Neck
      3. Infrahyoid Muscles
      4. Lateral Muscle Group
      5. Medial (Prevertebral) Muscle Group
      6. Cervical Fasciae
      7. Regions and Triangles of Neck
      8. Tissue Planes of Neck
      9. Variants and Anomalies of Neck Muscles
    9. Muscles and Fasciae of Head
      1. Facial Muscles
      2. Muscles of Calvaria
      3. Muscles Surrounding Palpebral Fissure
      4. Muscles Surrounding Nasal Apertures
      5. Muscles Surrounding Oral Opening
      6. Muscles of Auricule
      7. Masticatory Muscles
      8. Fasciae of Head
        1. Areas and Tissue Planes of Head
      9. Variants and Anomalies of Muscles of Head
    10. Muscles and Fasciae of Upper Limb
      1. Muscles of Pectoral Girdle
      2. Muscles of Free Upper Limb
        1. Muscles of Forearm
      3. Muscles of Hand
      4. Variations of Muscles of Upper Limb
      5. Fasciae of Upper Limb
      6. Regions and Tissue Planes of Upper Limb
    11. Muscles and Fasciae of Lower Limb
      1. Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle (Muscles of Pelvis)
      2. Internal Muscles of Pelvis
      3. External Muscles of Pelvis
      4. Muscles of Free Lower Limb
        1. Muscles of Thigh
        2. Muscles of Leg
      5. Muscles of Foot
        1. Muscles of the Dorsum of Foot
        2. Muscles of Sole
      6. Variations of Muscles of Lower Limb
        1. Fasciae, Synovial Bursae and Tendon Sheaths of Lower Limb
      7. Regions and Tissue Planes of Lower Limb
    12. Muscle Development
    13. Overview of Joint Movements and Main Muscles Involved
      1. Movements of Upper Limb
      2. Movements of Lower Limb
  7. 07Study of Visceral Organs (Splanchology)
  8. 08Digestive System
    1. Oral Cavity
      1. Palate
      2. Tongue
        1. Muscles of Tongue
      3. Gingiva
      4. Teeth
    2. Salivary Glands
      1. Pharynx
      2. Esophagus
      3. Stomach
    3. Intestines
      1. Small Intestine
        1. Duodenum
        2. Jejunum and Ileum
      2. Large Intestine
        1. Caecum
        2. Colon
        3. Rectum
    4. Liver
    5. Gallbladder
    6. Pancreas
    7. Peritoneum
    8. Development of Digestive System
  9. 09Respiratory System
    1. Nose and Nasal Cavity
    2. Larynx
    3. Trachea
    4. Main Bronchi
    5. Lungs
    6. Pleura
    7. Mediastinum
    8. Development of Respiratory System

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