Обложка издания «Pharmaceutical Ecology»

Pharmaceutical Ecology

учебник
  • ГЭОТАР-Медиа
  • 2022
  • 312 страниц

Медицинские рубрики

1 209 ₽887 ₽−27%
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The textbook describes the fundamentals of general ecology and special ecology — pharmaceutical ecology.

The special part is dedicated to protection of the environment by chemical and pharmaceutical enterprises (water bodies — from contaminating wastewater; atmospheric air — from industrial emissions; both water bodies and atmospheric air — from industrial waste).

In addition, the special part presents information on environmental pollution with metals, pesticides, nitrogen compounds, radionuclides.

The textbook discusses monitoring and use of food additives and the characteristics of biologically active supplements.

Recommended as a textbook for students of pharmaceutical universities and departments.

  1. 01Foreword
  2. 02Authors
  3. 03List of abbreviations
  4. 04Introduction
  5. 05Chapter 1. Some issues of general ecology
    1. 1.1. Ecology as a science. Aggravation of environmental problems as a result of social development
    2. 1.2. Environment. Ecological factors
    3. 1.3. Biosphere. Biosphere components according to V.I. Vernadsky
    4. 1.4. Biosphere boundaries
    5. 1.5. Fundamental principles of V.I. Vernadsky’s theory
    6. 1.6. Noosphere
    7. 1.7. Ecosystem
      1. 1.7.1. Definition
      2. 1.7.2. Ecosystems structure
      3. 1.7.3. Species diversity as a primary factor of ecosystem stability
    8. 1.8. Cycle of Matters. Trophic Chains
    9. 1.9. Commoner laws
    10. 1.10. Hydrosphere
      1. 1.10.1. Composition
      2. 1.10.2. Classification of water bodies
      3. 1.10.3. Role of the hydrosphere for living organisms and the national economy
      4. 1.10.4. Major pollutants of the hydrosphere
    11. 1.11. Atmosphere
      1. 1.11.1. Composition
      2. 1.11.2. The role of the atmosphere in the national economy and human life
      3. 1.11.3. Increase in carbon and nitrogen oxides, methane, and water vapour in the atmosphere
      4. 1.11.4. Greenhouse effect
      5. 1.11.5. Acid rains
      6. 1.11.6. The risk of ozone layer degradation. The role of freons and solar activity
    12. 1.12. Lithosphere
      1. 1.12.1. Composition
      2. 1.12.2. Role of the lithosphere for the biosphere
      3. 1.12.3. Soil contaminants
    13. 1.13. Monitoring
      1. 1.13.1. Types of monitoring
      2. 1.13.2. Chemical and pharmaceutical companies as a source of environmental pollution
  6. 06Chapter 2. Environmental pollution with pollutants from industrial wastewater
    1. 2.1. Wastewater. Classification
    2. 2.2. Rules for production wastewater entering the municipal sewer
    3. 2.3. Methods of production wastewater treatment and decontamination
    4. 2.4. Methods of wastewater analysis
      1. 2.4.1. Wastewater sampling. Preservation
      2. 2.4.2. Organoleptic and some physical methods of wastewater analysis
        1. 2.4.2.1. Colour
        2. 2.4.2.2. Odour
        3. 2.4.2.3. Clarity
        4. 2.4.2.4. Turbidity
        5. 2.4.2.5. рН
        6. 2.4.2.6. Temperature
      3. 2.4.3. Chemical and physicochemical methods of wastewater analysis
        1. 2.4.3.1. Total impurities. Dry residue. Suspended matters
        2. 2.4.3.2. Biochemical oxygen demand
        3. 2.4.3.3. Dichromatic oxidation susceptibility (chemical oxygen demand)
        4. 2.4.3.4. Permanganate oxidation
        5. 2.4.3.5. Oil products
        6. 2.4.3.6. Synthetic surface-active substances
        7. 2.4.3.7. Nitrites
        8. 2.4.3.8. Nitrates
        9. 2.4.3.9. Ammonium and ammonium ions
        10. 2.4.3.10. Total nitrogen
        11. 2.4.3.11. Organic nitrogen
        12. 2.4.3.12. Chlorides
        13. 2.4.3.13. Active chlorine
        14. 2.4.3.14. Sulfates
        15. 2.4.3.15. Iron
        16. 2.4.3.16. Zinc
        17. 2.4.3.17. Lead
        18. 2.4.3.18. Cadmium
        19. 2.4.3.19. Mercury
        20. 2.4.3.20. Cobalt
        21. 2.4.3.21. Arsenic
        22. 2.4.3.22. Phenols
        23. 2.4.3.23. Formaldehyde
        24. 2.4.3.24. Fluorine
        25. 2.4.3.25. Identification of Cd, Pb, Cu, and Zn in treated wastewater with voltammetry
    5. 2.5. Drinking water
  7. 07Chapter 3. Environmental pollution with emissions into the atmosphere
    1. 3.1. Sources and composition of atmospheric contaminations. Hazard rating of atmospheric contaminants. Emission composition classification
    2. 3.2. Atmospheric pollutant rating. Maximum acceptable concentration. Sanitary protection zone
    3. 3.3. Extraction of dust and gases from industrial emissions
    4. 3.4. Methods for analysis of contaminants in industrial emissions
    5. 3.5. Methods of quantification of some pollutants in emissions from chemical and pharmaceutical enterprises
      1. 3.5.1. Identification of drugs as pollutants using ultraviolet spectrophotometry and photoelectric colourimetry
        1. 3.5.1.1. Ultraviolet spectrophotometry
        2. 3.5.1.2. Photoelectric colourimetry
          1. 3.5.1.2.1. Sulfanilamide identification
          2. 3.5.1.2.2. Novocaine identification
          3. 3.5.1.2.3. Chloromycetin identification
          4. 3.5.1.2.4. Phenol identification
          5. 3.5.1.2.5. Metamizole sodium identification
      2. 3.5.2. Identification of gaseous air pollutants
        1. 3.5.2.1. Ammonium identification
        2. 3.5.2.2. Identification of the total amount of nitrogen oxide and dioxide
        3. 3.5.2.3. Sulphur dioxide identification
        4. 3.5.2.4. Hydrogen chloride identification
  8. 08Chapter 4. Environmental pollution with industrial waste
    1. 4.1. Production and consumption waste. Maximum acceptable concentrations in soil. Waste toxicity classes
    2. 4.2. Waste disposal agreements. Landfills for neutralization and disposal of toxic industrial waste. Components of landfill and plant for neutralization of toxic industrial waste. Sanitary and protection zone
    3. 4.3. Waste disposal fee. Damage from pollution of the environment with production waste
  9. 09Chapter 5. Pollution of the environment with heavy metals
    1. 5.1. Heavy metals as super ecotoxicants. Major sources of pollution
      1. 5.1.1. Pollution of the atmosphere with heavy metals
      2. 5.1.2. Pollution of the hydrosphere with heavy metals
      3. 5.1.3. Pollution of the soil with heavy metals
      4. 5.1.4. Contamination of medicinal plants with heavy metals
      5. 5.1.5. Contamination of medicinal products with heavy metals
      6. 5.1.6. Pathways of metals to the body
      7. 5.1.7. Metal classification depending on biological effect on the body
      8. 5.1.8. Metal toxicity mechanisms
    2. 5.2. Some most common toxic metals
      1. 5.2.1. Lead
      2. 5.2.2. Mercury
      3. 5.2.3. Cadmium
      4. 5.2.4. Arsenic
      5. 5.2.5. Nickel
      6. 5.2.6. Chromium
    3. 5.3. Methods of metal analysis
  10. 10Chapter 6. Pollution of the environment with pesticides, dioxins and other polycyclic aromatic compounds
    1. 6.1. Pollution of the environment with pesticides
      1. 6.1.1. Pesticides. Classification of pesticides by use
      2. 6.1.2. First generation pesticides (before 1940)
      3. 6.1.3. Second generation pesticides
      4. 6.1.4. Chemical classification of second generation pesticides
      5. 6.1.5. Classification of pesticides by toxicity
      6. 6.1.6. Requirements to pesticides
      7. 6.1.7. Pollution of the atmosphere, hydrosphere and soil with pesticides
      8. 6.1.8. Deleterious effects of pesticides (herbicides) on the environment
      9. 6.1.9. Toxicity of pesticides for humans
      10. 6.1.10. Analysis of pesticides
    2. 6.2. Dioxins
    3. 6.3. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
    4. 6.4. Aflatoxins
  11. 11Chapter 7. Pollution of the environment with nitrogen compounds
    1. 7.1. Nitrogen oxides
    2. 7.2. Nitrates. Nitrites
    3. 7.3. N-nitrosamines
    4. 7.4. Analysis of nitrogen-containing compounds
  12. 12Chapter 8. Pollution of the environment with radionuclides
    1. 8.1. Key terms and definitions
    2. 8.2. Radioactive waste
      1. 8.2.1. Radioactive waste recycling techniques
    3. 8.3. Rules of radioactive waste storage
    4. 8.4. Standards and rules for radioactive waste handling
    5. 8.5. Radioassay
  13. 13Chapter 9. Food additives
    1. 9.1. Hygienic regulation of food additives in food products
      1. 9.1.1. Measures of substance toxicity
      2. 9.1.2. Identification of the safety of food additives
    2. 9.2. General information on food additives
      1. 9.2.1. Definition. Classification
    3. 9.3. Substances improving appearance of a product
      1. 9.3.1. Colourants
        1. 9.3.1.1. Natural colourants
        2. 9.3.1.2. Synthetic Colourants
      2. 9.3.2. Bleachers
    4. 9.4. Taste modifiers
      1. 9.4.1. Flavourings
        1. 9.4.1.1. Essential oils
        2. 9.4.1.2. Essences
      2. 9.4.2. Sweeteners
    5. 9.5. Substances regulating consistency and forming structure of the product
      1. 9.5.1. Thickeners and gelling agents
      2. 9.5.2. Emulsifiers
    6. 9.6. Preserving substances
      1. 9.6.1. Preservatives
      2. 9.6.2. Antioxidants
      3. 9.6.3. Antibiotics
    7. 9.7. Chemical composition and development of specifications in the context of assessment of food additives safety
    8. 9.8. General approaches to selection and use of food additives
  14. 14Chapter 10. Dietary supplements
    1. 10.1. Dietary supplements classification
    2. 10.2. Quality criteria for dietary supplements
    3. 10.3. Regulatory and legal issues of dietary supplements circulation
    4. 10.3.1. Requirements for dietary supplements packaging and information on the label
      1. 10.3.2. Storage of dietary supplements
      2. 10.3.3. Sale of dietary supplements
  15. 15Suggested Reading List

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